The aim of the project is development and implementation of efficient mesh partitioning algorithms and their use for parallel computations on modern distributed systems – clusters and Grids. These algorithms will be based on metaheuristics, some of which are based on various fundamental principles observed in nature, such as the ant-colony optimization . Unlike standard software packages which are currently used for partitioning of FEM meshes, the proposed approach allows to take into consideration such important features of modern distributed systems as heterogeneity of nodes, and hierarchical structure of communication networks.